COGNITIVE ORIENTATION THEORY IN COMMUNICATION PSYCHOLOGY

Communication is a complex process and involves many aspects of thinking and social ability. If the damage to the brain occurs then it will affect one of these capabilities including the ability to communicate successfully. The difficulty in cognitive communication is the term often used for the problem. The frontal lobes section in particular is crucial for the ability of cognitive communication due to its role in brain executive function, flexible thinking ability and social behaviour. Nevertheless, many other parts of the brain interact to showcase other important skills such as the temporal lobes and the parietal lobes.

Psychology that uses cognitive orientation, in theory, will be centered on the process – the central process for example in attitudes, ideas, and expectations used to describe behavior. Cognitive orentation differs from the psychoanalytic orientation that learns the most in-depth processes such as unconsciousness, Id, as well as the behavioristic theories of theory that emphasize the study of behavior in processes that occur outside such as Stimuli and replies. Learning about cognitive theories relates to processes that occur in a person's brain system as well as a person's nervous system that learns that a person will be actively processing information.

Definition of cognitive orientation

Cognitive orientation in communication psychology has a basic concept that learns the concept of communication, thinking and knowledge building. Expressed in the cognitive theory that human behavior is active and described as an environment perceived by the person involved itself, the cognitive drafting that includes the process of learning, thinking, solving problems, forgetting, Psychological changes and cognitive structures. All of these can be influenced by the biological conditions of the individual, the principle of the Organization, and the conditions that produce the original structure, the needs and emotions of one's.

Social cognitive theories used in psychology, education and communication play a role in the acquisition of one's knowledge that can relate directly to observations of others in the context of social interactions, experiences and External media influences. This theory was proposed by Albert Bandura as an extension of the social learning theory. The theory states that when people observe a single example that showcases behaviors and their consequences, they can recall the order of the events and use this information to lead to subsequent behavior.

Because of the influence of the mass media role in the community, understanding the psychological mechanisms through symbolic communication affects human mind. Albert Bandura developed this theory since the 1960s that explains on how and why there is a tendency to emulate what people see through certain media or through others. This is the development of a social learning theory that suggests frameworks for understanding and predicting and altering human behaviour. Cognitive orientation in communication psychology is understood through social cognitive theories that emphasize the human capacity to learn without passing a direct experience.

This theory is therefore also referred to as observational learning theory that depends on several things, including the ability of the subject to understand and remember what it sees, identifying through the mediation of characters or situations that will Affect impersonation of the behavior. Cognitive orientation in communication psychology often uses this theory as a learning theory of media and Mass communication, health communication or interpersonal communication. The goal is to explain how a person regulates his behaviour through control and reinforcement to achieve behavior in order to achieve a goal that can be maintained at all times.

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THE DIFFERENCE ABOUT INTROVERT AND ANTISOCIAL IN PSYCHOLOGY

People who lack an understanding of introvert and antisocial understanding sometimes equate both terms equally. But the fact is not the same, many people who interpret introvert is anti-social. actually, both terms are two different things. Introvert can not be said as antisocial, nor vice versa. To find out what are introvert and antisocial differences, here are examples of the explanations below:

1. Introvert is comfortable with oneself but capable of having good relations with others while the antisocial itself is not able to relate to others in a healthy.

People who have an introvert attitude, he tends to just love to do everything himself, he feels comfortable with a quiet state rather than crowded. However, introverts are able to forge a good relationship to the surrounding people. Unlike antisocial, he chooses to withdraw from the environment. So to interact with others is somewhat difficult. 

2. Introvert is a form of personality but antisocial is a problem in the mental health of one

Next, introvert and antisocial differences are you must be cautious if you have colleagues or relatives with antisocial indications. Because the antisocial people are almost the same as psychopathic people. They like to cheat, influence, hate and reject everything that is good. Because antisocial looked at everything badly in their eyes. Unlike introverts that have closed characters, they tend to rarely hate others.

3. Someone who is antisocial can be a very extroverted and open person while introvert can not be an extrovert

Generally people think that someone who is antisocial prefers themselves and does not like to gather with others. Who they think can be able to become extroverted and open to others as they are. However, generally in certain objectives, often negative objectives. While introvert is different because they can not be an ektrovert figure because it is a personality that can not be changed. 

4. Introvert can relate to people close to him, while antisocial has no sense of empathy towards others

To know introvert and antisocial differences is if introverts have a sense of empathy. They can also forge a relationship with people closest to him and have a sense of caring about the feelings of others. But the antisocial person has no caring taste and is also very selfish, he only cares about himself.

5. One who has an introvert attitude can not be changed but the antisocial person can still be changed

The next Intovert and antisocial difference is if the introvert cannot be changed. It is a positive and unproblematic personality when one has a personality as an introvert. However, people with antisocial souls this is a disease that needs to be healed. So it needs to be changed because otherwise it will affect the worse, because he will hurt other people also himself.

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COGNITIVE ORIENTATION THEORY BY BANDURA

Cognitive orientation in communication psychology in the theory of Bandura has a beginning of various ideas regarding different theories as follows:

• Model of Causation/Model cause – Human adaptation in this theory model is explained through the term ' triadic reciprocal causation ' or ' triadik reciprocity. This Model illustrates the continuous interaction between environmental, behavioral and personal factors.
• Symbolizing ability/Symbolizing Capability-This theory Model describes the human capacity to be free from the learning process in the form of ' trial and error ', where the symbolization allows individual abstract thinking to prescribe an experience that May occur, tested with rational thinking.
• Vicarious Capability – states that one can learn behavior by observing the actions of others and the consequences of that action. Human-owned skills to learn that are derived will impede the learning process while conducting to achieve behavior.
• The ability to think – the behavior of the human being partly has a specific purpose and is therefore governed by the thought that has occurred. Thought will require reflection on the consequences of action, setting goals and planning what actions will be taken. Individuals will realise the concept of thought and outcome and create motivation or even barriers to direct the selection of what action to take.
• Self-regulating ability – the combination of standard personal and community standards is used for self-evaluation and can be changed according to the needs. Self-monitoring will be expected to have an effect on the motivation or inhibitory experienced by a person when he or she is considering a particular action.
• Self-reflection ability – people evaluate their behaviour and adjust according to the consequences that will be experienced and also adhered to the standards from within and outside. This is part of the individual's perception of their competence. Self-reflection emphasized by Bandura can produce the wrong mindset.
• Human Nature – This trait comes from genetic factors that can affect potential behaviour. Therefore human action is a combination of cognitive abilities that have been studied with the psycho-physiological factors that were brought from birth.

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COGNITIVE ORIENTAION ISSUES IN COMMUNICATION

The assumption that there is in cognitive orientation in the psychology of communication is that one learning process will occur if an observed model that displays certain behaviors and earns rewards or penalties as a result of such behaviour. This observation will develop hope for what will happen if it performs the behavior. Some difficulties in communicating reflect a range of potential cognitive changes such as the following:

1. Difficulty concentrating and focusing

Problems in this field can lead to difficulties in communicating as follows, for example, can not concentrate on television programs that can usually be enjoyed so as to start to invite talk and mess up the focus of others who are also are enjoying the program. There may also be difficulties focusing on the conversation so that it often ends the conversation suddenly – or avoiding it at once. Failing to pay attention to the critical information that causes them to say unworthy and embarrassing, and having difficulty dividing attention between two or more activities.

2. Memory problems

Someone with a memory problem may find it difficult to access the information they know. This can affect the ability of such remembering words and remembering the names of people, which is very important to communicate socially. Failure to remember the name, face, or relevant information in a conversation can lead to embarrassment and consequently will avoid social situations.

3. Literal interpretation

Damage to the right part of the brain may cause a person's verbal interpretation ability to be very concrete and understand things literally. They may experience deficiencies to capture the meaning of humor and sarcasm and skip the implied meanings in the conversation. This issue could result in a person receiving the message the wrong way. It can also misunderstand the common expressions that people use.

4. Decreased logic and problem solving ability

Changes in problem solving capabilities can result in a problem when one cannot use the language to think thoroughly and solve the problem. This could cause them to use wrong judgment and wrong decisions as well. Inadequate and incapacitated inability to solve problems can also be caused by people experiencing difficulties in their conversational style, by failing to understand the logical viewpoint of others and becoming unflexible in his own opinion.

5. Cognitive fatigue

The term is a long-term commonly used term in cognitive psychology as a consequence of brain injury. If one is exhausted, then it is often not able to manage its well-being especially in communicating. Reduced attention and concentration, they will be less able to think clearly and can be irritable and aggressive. Cognitive fatigue can also cause other communication problems such as aphasia, Dysarthia and dyspraxia of speech.

6. Slow processing of information

Cognitive orientation in communication psychology in the form of slow processing of communication is a common consequence of brain injury and could mean that a person cannot follow a fast-growing conversation. Often he would comment that he had difficulty when he was busy or when talking to more than one person.

7. Lack of social communication skills

Difficulties in social communication in particular are linked to brain frontal lobe injuries. Difficulties in this area may mean that one cannot recognize the social clues of the day – both verbal and non-verbal. There is a wide range of acceptable norms in any culture, and brain injuries may be able to affect a person's ability to effectively recognize and apply these norms.

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LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Language is the center of all our lives and is regarded as a cultural tool that distinguishes humans from other species. In some ways, language is the behavior that allows the human singularity to arise such as religion and science. We use language to shop for supermarkets, get jobs, buy train tickets, compose emails, make calls, and so on. Language allows us to make friends, even enemies, pass the time of the day, and so forth. In daily life we produce and understand languages with levels that have been deemed appropriate.

No matter whether we are rich or poor, white or black, we need to have at least one language. It may be impossible to even imagine a place or situation in life where it does not use language to serve as an expression and communication tool. Language social and psychological functions are also crucial and become increasingly important. Perhaps even the language function in psychology becomes mixed with the language function in other areas. Some language functions in psychology include:

1. Communication function

The most basic language functions including the language function in psychology as we already know is to express something, attempt to express a change of statement, fear, delight, pain or confusion. In many cases the language also serves as a communication tool with other members of the group especially in hazardous situations. It is likely a response to an automatic instinct function, and is also found in lower organisms as well. At the human level, the role of communication carries a more crucial importance. 

2. Interpretive function

The language function in this psychology is very evident in the human life, when certain expressions serve as a stimulus to others to interpret certain situations. This interpretive function itself serves to restore the cognitive balance. If the stimulus itself creates a condition of uncertainty or new situation, interpretation can explain the situation and restore the balance. Certain interpretations will help put information in a proper position in a person's cognitive world. 

3. Control function

Speaking of control functions, there is a separate social dimension of individual dimensions. Slowly when a relationship is formed between a certain existence and stimulus it will result in a reaction. This is where there is a beginning of control occurring at a simple level, this control function may be accidental and realized but along with a person's growth and the more concentrated the environment, the language control function will be increasingly centered.

4. Remembering and thinking functions

Imagine if we were able to think and remember without using words. It is almost impossible to repeat back or remember, even think without using words and language. Language is what helps us to decode experiences, keep them and remember and resubmit them. Languages also help us translate the experience into thoughts and engage in the process in different types.

5. The discovery function of a person's name

One of the most important stepping stones in the development of a child is the discovery that it has a name and this is the beginning of self-identity, which will lead to the development of feelings like ' me ', ' I ', ' mine ', ' other people ' , ' not me ' and so forth. The discovery of a person's name is a language function in psychology that plays a crucial role in the overall psychological development of the individual. This is the beginning of self identity and effort to see oneself as an object. This is what essentially makes the difference between human and non human organisms, as well as between early childhood and an adult or disturbed adult person. The issue of self-concept formation and self-identity has been tested in greater detail elsewhere, but the important point to remember is that the very critical role is played by the language in self-development and development Psychology as a whole.

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FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY IN LEGAL SYSTEMS

The law is very close and influential enough in human life that aims to direct his life towards better. Blackburn (in Bartol & Bartol, 1994; Kapardis, 1995) divides the role of psychology in law: Psychology in Law, psychology and Law, psychology of law.

• Psychology in law, a practical application of psychology that exists in the field of law, as a psychologist is invited to be an expert witness in the judicial process.
• Psychology and law, which includes the field of psycho-legal research, which is research on individuals related to the law such as judges, prosecutors, lawyers, defendants.
• Psychology of law, is a relationship between the field of law and a more abstract psychology, where the law is a defining behavior. The issues that are studied include how the community affects the law and how the law affects society.

The above view corresponds to the opinion of Mark Constanzo (2006) that the role or contributions of social psychology in the legal system:

• As advisors
• As evaluators
• As a reformer

1. Physical typological approaches in personality

This approach was popularized by Sheldon and Kretchmer. With this approach, Sheldon and Kretchmer consider that there is a relationship between a person's body type physically with the type of personality. Where can be seen personality differences between people who are tall, short, fat, thin and other body shapes.

For example, suppose that someone who is muscular is more likely to commit crimes. As such, a person with a short head shape, red hair, and an unprominent jaw is more pronounced with a thief's physique. This approach might be useful to see the potential for someone committing a crime.

2. A personality Trait theory approach

Unlike the previous theory, the personality trait theory further considers certain personality characteristics that affect a person's action against the law. For example someone who has a brave, dominant, extrovert and high motivation character meets his physical needs tend to potentially commit crimes.

Also Read (6 Jobs For You Who Study Forensic Psychology)

3. Psychoanalysis approach

This approach mentions that criminal acts arise because of a relationship that is not good with the parents so that the perpetrator has emotions that can be transmitted through criminal acts. Generally, crime occurs as a result of the love relationship of the lost mother and child or the lack of attention of the father to the child who caused him to do bad deeds to get attention.

4. Approach to social learning theory

Through this approach, we learn that a person who behaves as a criminal is a result of the learning process from his environment. For example, during her lifetime she saw irregularities in the house, group, school or other environment so she saw her as an example of committing criminal. Thus, in order to deal with this we must keep the law thoroughly in the environment to prevent the emergence of deviations because as little as any such deviations can be expanded if not immediately addressed.

5. Approach to Cognitive theory

With this cognitive approach, researchers are trying to understand the mindset of thinking of a criminal offender. Researchers will try to take samples from the perpetrators, such as those who are manipulating experts, wild and compulsive, or someone who cannot control themselves to commit crimes. From this research, it can be concluded that criminals have internal and consistent logic, but are wrong and irresponsible.

6. Investigation of criminal cases

In resolving a criminal case, it will take a lot of information from victims, witnesses, and suspects. The decision will be based on the information provided by each Party, where the prosecutor or the judge cannot see for themselves the correctness of the information obtained. Thus, the role of witnesses is crucial.

By using the application of social psychology in the legal world, efforts will be made to minimize bias in witness statements. Judging from the side of psychology it is possible for witnesses to forget about the occurrence and not be able to give accurate testimony. Thus, it can be used techniques of hypnosis and cognitive interviews. Usually, this technique is done when the witnesses were first interviewed in the police. 

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7 Way How to Deal with Body Shaming

1. Try to cover the shortcomings by highlighting the other side

One of the important things that you should avoid in the face of scorn of body shaming is to try to cover up that lack by highlighting the strengths that you have.

Like if you have short legs, then try to cover it up with long or more appropriate clothes.

Or by giving your side more like you have strong legs so you are agile enough to walk using high heels.

2. Ignore Each Other's Mockery

How to deal with other body shaming You can ignore and ignore every sneer from others, by replying with positive words and being able to be ignorant.

Let's just say they are jealous and feel jealous of the strength you have, and don't be a burden.

Just make it as a breeze and let it go! along with your indifference.

3. Associate with Different People

Try not to look afraid and afraid of what people say about you, so you should start looking for and associating with people who have differences with you.

Try to open up and before you decide who you hang out make sure they deserve to be made new friends.

It will be easy for you to adapt and forget about self-deficiency, because the environment that accepts you is.

4. Have a Perspective About the Meaning of Beauty and Perfection

Next in finding ways to deal with body shaming, you also have to have an assessment and perspective on the meaning of beauty as well as the perfection of different versions.

Don't because your imperfect physique thinks you are not pretty.

Open up your insights into the true meaning of beauty, after you know that you will feel more confident and believe you are not as bad as people say.

5. Positive Thinking With Deficiencies Owned

Every shortcoming that you have is not used as a barrier for you to enjoy life. Remember life is only once, so think about something more pleasant.

Not only because of the scorn of other people you are so easy to give up, every thing God creates has a good thing.

Likewise you have to be able to think positively about what you have, make your shortcomings as a life encouragement to achieve better.

While you are healthy and strong, multiply doing activities that you like, rather than thinking about things that are not important, for example you can travel, work properly and so on, so enjoy your life.

6. Leave People Who Think Badly

The way to deal with body shaming that you can do is to leave people who think badly about you.

Don't let them linger in your life, while you can stay away, and if you can't, then busy yourself with useful and entertaining activities.

Look for other friends who are able to accept you well and what they are. Just respond to them with smiles and positive words, and the important thing is that you have to have principles and assertiveness, don't let their words become emotions for you.

7. Love yourself

If you don't respect yourself, then no one else will. Therefore, love yourself as you wish.

Pamper yourself to get good things, don't let your shortcomings become your barrier to happiness.

Discover new worlds with friends and new partners that further color your life. So that you will feel comfortable and happy to face life every day.

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Why Forgot to Make You Smart ??

It is not uncommon for someone to experience a sudden forgetfulness or forget that it has become part of their daily lives. Whether it's forgetting small things such as places to store keys, glasses, wallets and other items, people's names and faces, forgetting promises or just forgetting information that has been learned in the past. Sometimes we also often forget what to do in the middle of activity. Forgetting that too often can indicate a disturbance in memory, but forgetting within the limits that are still reasonable can actually make the brain smarter.

The brain works as a series that communicates with each other at all times. Forgetting happens because of a pause in the communication that interferes with the ability to focus on one thing. Decreasing ability to remember may be due to interference or distraction. When someone tries to remember something, a new network will be formed in the brain to help the remembering process.

Forgot to be a sign of intelligence

The part of the brain that regulates cognition and controls memory as intended is the prefrontal cortex which is located behind the forehead. In this area the memory that is owned will be changed in two directions namely stronger or weaker. The cause of forgetting is the increasingly weak memory. In several studies, it was revealed that forgetting something is normal and can actually make it smarter. The reasons for forgetting to make you smart include:

1. Maintain important information

Forgetting usually occurs because old memory is replaced by new memory, because the formation of new brain cells formed in the hippocampus area is related to the process of learning new things. Old memory will be difficult to access because it is overwritten by the new cell. Changing the old memory with the new one will allow you to maintain important information and release less important information.

2. Adapting to new situations

Old information that is discarded and replaced with new information will make it easier for you to adjust to the new situation, which certainly gives a lot of torrential new information to your brain. Without the old information that is less relevant, then you will not be confused to determine which information is in the brain that can be used.

3. Make the right decision

Forgetting old information replaced by new information will help you to make the right decision. The reason why forgetting to make you smart is to forget old information that is not related, the brain can freely process the information needed in accordance with the current state.

4. Get rid of misleading information

The reason why forgetting to make you smart is when the brain releases outdated information, it will allow us to adapt new situations. By forgetting old information and potentially misleading, we will be easier to maneuver in an environment that continues to change. If you try to go through life and continue to get misleading information, confusing and overlapping memories, it will be increasingly difficult to make the right decisions.

5. Discard useless information

Making smart decisions does not mean you have to have all the information at once, only means that you need to know the most valuable information. That means cleaning up the space in your memory for the most recent information. Forgetting is a process of discarding that information so that your brain will only store data that will help and be relevant to the present.

6. Help see the big picture

When you forget names or details, the brain is making choices that the details are not very meaningful. The researchers found that the human brain facilitates decision making by stopping us from focusing too much on less important past details. The brain actually promotes generalizations to help remember the most important aspects. One of the things that distinguishes the environment you will want to remember with an environment where you want to forget a few things is how consistent the environment is and how likely certain events return to your life.

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6 Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Self-Control in Psychology

Relationship between emotional intelligence and self-control is very close to one another. In general, self-control is defined as a desire and ability to achieve a life that is harmonious, balanced and harmonious to the rights and obligations of individuals in family life, community, nation and state. Then, what are the actual relationships of emotional intelligence with self-control ?, along with the explanation.

1. Increase awareness

Everyone will certainly be aware if a negative form of thought or feeling arises. Usually, someone who does not have self-control and emotional intelligence will not be able to capture the negative thoughts or feelings that emerge so that they will be directly controlled and paralyzed by negative thoughts and feelings such as when someone offends or insults us that can make someone angry immediately.

If someone does not have self-control and emotional intelligence, then the anger can appear so quickly and suddenly it will be overwhelmed by that anger. But when someone has self-control and emotional intelligence, then someone will immediately be aware of these thoughts and will immediately stop the same effect as the relationship of emotional intelligence with self-confidence.

2. Achieve Long-Term Goals

When a person has emotional intelligence and good self-control, he can help himself to achieve his long-term goals. To be able to get these long-term goals, one must be able to resist all kinds of temptations that occur as soon as possible.

For example, when feeling afraid, emotional intelligence and self-control will make someone able to control and find ways to get out of that fear. When tempted to be lazy and give up, the ability to control themselves and emotional intelligence in psychology will be very helpful in getting out of the situation.

3. Eliminating anxiety and worry

When someone experiences negative emotions, it is often disturbed by various things that make him unable to focus and this is where the importance of emotional intelligence and self-control to have. Later, a person will be able to divert his attention from various useless things that characterize self-control and kind of emotions so that they can focus more on the things that are relevant and important in their lives.

In research it has also been proven if someone who has emotional intelligence and good self-control can overcome the anxiety and anxiety that is felt very well too.

4. Adding information for motivation

Because there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and self-control not only arises from clear thinking, but actually this also happens from the conscience. This can later provide all that arises from the feeling of adding important information that can motivate the individual to be able to find the potential he has.

Someone who has emotional intelligence and self-control and understands about emotional restraint tips will also use them appropriately. For example, a poorly controlled appetite can cause illness and even accountability for halal food.

5. Improve community life

Emotional intelligence and self-control are aspects that are very much needed in community life and certainly very useful to apply in everyday life. In addition to the family environment, school and community environment, emotional intelligence and self-control can also motivate someone to obtain benefits that will change it from what is thought to be what is done.

6. Improving a Good Personal Image

Individuals who have good emotional intelligence and self-control will be easier to get along with, be able to act firmly, not easily be afraid of something, have a strong will to engage with others, be more consistent and various other good things.

The relationship of emotional intelligence with self-control prioritizes the ratio which will be very important to give motivation so that one can get the best solution in even an emergency situation.

The relationship of personal intelligence with self-control is not only important for personal but also for social life in school, work and community. For that, these two elements are very important to be mastered by everyone so that they are not easily affected by various negative things that can damage a decision or action to be taken. Hopefully this review can be useful and make yourself better for life

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How To Create a Good Work Environment

Being able to work for a company that is a dream of many people is certainly a pride for them. However, this is not felt by most people, sometimes because economic demands make them have to work for companies they don't like. As a result, sometimes they become less enthusiastic at work. For this reason, company management must be aware of this and try to make employees feel at home working, among others by building a full motivated work environment.

According to Tommy Wattimena, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of PT Smart Tbk provides several tips, about how to make a comfortable work environment, namely by

1. Align the values ​​and vision of the organization and company.

Having interest and love for work, will make someone always motivated to complete how much work they face.

2. Creating a sense of comfort

A comfortable work environment can make employees work calmly and have high motivation. Many people move to work, because they do not get comfort at work.

3. Creating a sense of security

When employees feel safe, they will be able to see the career future clearly. So that employees will be motivated to release their best potential. Conversely, if security is not created, then work motivation drops dramatically. It can even trigger negative attitude or attitude.

4. Growing pride in work

Having pride in the profession is very important for growing motivation within. If employees do not have pride in their current profession at the office, their work motivation will not be high.

5. Provide space for self actualization

Conformity between work and life goals can encourage employees to feel comfortable or enjoy their work. Employees will always be eager to do work that is in accordance with their hobbies or desires, as a self-actualization (self actualization) at work. The task of HR management is to harmonize the vision and mission and values ​​of the company with the values ​​championed by employees, from the beginning of recruitment.

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6 Way How to Overcome Job Insecurity According to Psychology

Not everyone will feel comfortable in a job, especially he already has a lot of experience and hours of flying or senior. A career that does not increase, the atmosphere of the environment, also the attitude of coworkers as well as a solid boss can be the trigger for the emergence of job security. Here are tips and ways to deal with depression because of daily work.

Sometimes these complicated problems make a person have to act decisively like resigning or asking for a mutation. However, before you think negatively about it. Next, know how to overcome job insecurity according to psychology as below:


1. Know the Cause of Job Insecure

Before feeling confused and also uncomfortable approaching the atmosphere of your work, then know first what causes it to occur. This is important because you can find out more about how to overcome it if it can still be conditioned. However, if the problem is too complicated, then you try to think of a way out by asking for help from a trusted partner. That way you will decide which is the best choice later.

2. Be sincere in work

Furthermore, the way to overcome job insecurity according to psychology is to be sincere with the situation at hand. You do not know in the future what you will get with your sincere attitude. If from the beginning you have the motivation to sincerely work on all tasks sincerely. So, you will quickly move on from feeling disappointed, upset, angry and not accepting when your boss or reality accidentally hurts the results of your work.

Also read:
The characteristics of a person have been exposed to job insecurity
Work for those of you who study forensic psychology

3. Dare to act

When you are faced with problems and work that is crowded, from there sometimes ideas or initiatives appear to find the best solution. Be brave enough to convey the idea to your team and boss. Maybe this is a complaint and also a problem from the team's work and you have been able to solve it. And thus you can seek the sympathy of your boss to believe and appreciate what you have all this time.

4. Intend to Train and Learn Lots

The problems that exist today should not be regarded as mere coincidences. You who have worked in one company for a long time with a position and occupation, of course all of that is your fortune and success so far. Therefore do not waste the sacrifice as well as your struggle. Take all available knowledge, study and learn. Suppose that all of that is an exercise and also getting excited for you to be more advanced and successful. Because there is nothing in this world that is in vain as long as you still believe and struggle.


5. Make a Target or Taq Line

The way to overcome job insecurity according to other psychology is to make a target or tag line or deadline. What you want is like a goal and target to make it regularly. If in the near future your goal is realized, it will change the atmosphere of your work much better. But if on the contrary make an investigation and check if something is wrong. If yes, repair and repeat again until you are absolutely sure you feel comfortable again.

6. Be indifferent

The extreme attitude that you can do in overcoming job insecure in a company is ignorance. You can be casual or relaxed in dealing with any problems. This will make you more enjoy, free and without burden, the more you are supported in the same problem will make you more stressful. Therefore, learn about emotional management and ignorance, so that the spirit of work will be more motivated.

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7 Step How To Avoid Depression due to Work

On October 10, the whole world celebrated mental health day and the theme of mental health in workplace was raised to provide awareness for everyone if mental health for workers is very important. From the records of the World Health Organization, abbreviated WHO, there are around 300 million people in the world who are depressed and 260 million of them experience excessive anxiety, which disrupts their daily activities. Job demands are one of the main causes of depression, so the consequences of mental disorders until suicide are also increasing for workers in the creative world. If indeed you are experiencing this psychological problem, then several ways to overcome depression because of the following work you can do.

1. Take Holiday

The fatigue that occurs because of work that can later cause severe depressive traits will actually not disappear if you do not completely move away from the routine. For that you should, take the time to do holidays, especially holidays that can offer the beauty of nature and soothing weather like the mountains. With this, the stress generated from work can be released and you can return to work with a fresher mood and mind.

2. Meet the doctor

All types of depression such as those caused by marital failure, failure in relationships, work and various other types of depression can be overcome with anti-depressants and psychotherapy. Maybe, for how to deal with stress and depression it takes several trials to find the most appropriate drug to deal with the symptoms of depression experienced. This method is very well done so that later it can return to work properly. In fact, a study found that someone who consumed anti-depressants for eight weeks would be more productive so that they could work better than those not treated with anti-depressants.

3. Create a Good Work Environment

The condition of the work environment has an important role about the good and bad quality of employee performance results. If the work environment feels quite comfortable and communication between employees goes well, it will certainly provide more optimal job performance. But when the work environment is filled with chaos and is characterized by unfair competition between employees, depression and boredom will reduce work motivation day by day.

Also Read (How To Create a Good Work Environment)

For this reason, you should start good communication between employees in order to build stronger cooperation as a way to deal with severe stress and depression. With better communication, not only will the harmony of the team be maintained but also eliminate the depression experienced when working because each other will share and help to solve all work problems.

4.  Laughs

When you are at a point of saturation and are getting tired of facing work in the office that causes depression and mood disorders in psychology, then you should take a moment to laugh. Although it sounds very trivial, but laughing can actually make the body become more relaxed while reducing the level of stress and depression experienced. In order to be able to laugh, it can also be done easily like seeing a variety of funny videos even if only briefly or chatting with coworkers about things that can be entertaining.

5. Listening to music

Listening to music is one of the best ways to relieve stress and depression because of work. Playing music that you like has been proven to be able to relax your mind and improve your mood to work. Music itself can also affect not only the mind but also the body so that it becomes an easy way to deal with depression due to the work.

6. Apply a Healthy Lifestyle

You can also get rid of depression that is being experienced by implementing a healthy lifestyle. Changing lifestyles that make yourself more difficult is also important to do which is very good for overcoming signs of depression due to work. Also make sure that the life you live is done happily and passionately. Apply a healthy lifestyle in several easy ways such as eating regularly, sleeping regularly and also making sure to interact with other people. Also make sure if the environmental conditions are healthy so that you can feel comfortable, safe and can provide happiness.

7. Create Ergonomic Working Conditions

If the work space is arranged ergonomically, then the body will automatically be free from tension as well as the mind. If your arms are always bent during typing, make sure you are looking for a separate keyboard or you can use the mouse to relieve tension on the wrist and day. Place items that are often used near you to reduce tension just to find something that is needed. Also adjust your seat so that the body position can face straight to the computer screen and not make the neck feel tense because you have to look up or too down.

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7 characteristics of a person have been exposed to job insecurity

The theory of Job Insecurity was first delivered by Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt in 1984. They compiled a theoretical model of the meaning of Job Insecurity, and further examined the factors that caused Job Insecurity and its impact. hey define Job Insecurity as "the powerlessness felt by employees to maintain their work continuity in the midst of a threatened work situation" (Sverke, 2006)

Smithson and Lewis (2000) interpret job insecurity as the psychological condition of a person (employee) who shows a sense of confusion or feels insecure because of perceived impermanance. This condition arises because of the many types of work that are temporary or contract work. The increasing number of jobs with a temporary or non-permanent duration of time causes more employees to experience job insecurity.

Here are  features Someone Affected by Job Insecurity.

1. Feel threatened and nervous

Employees in developed countries also experience increasing insecurity due to instability in their employment status and an increasingly unpredictable level of income. As a result of the various changes that occur within the organization, employees are very likely to feel threatened, anxious, and insecure because of the potential for change to affect the working conditions and the continuation of the relationship and service received from the organization.

2. Insecurity

Insecurity in work can be divided into two categories, namely subjective and objective. Objectives that are insecure are generally associated with clear indicators such as job tenure, to determine the stability of employees in the organization. While subjective security is relatively difficult to observe directly because the indicators used are a threat to the loss of work and the consequences of the loss of the job, as perceived by the employee concerned. (Bryson and Harvey, 2000).

3. Lack of trust

Lack of trust in the organization will affect the morale and motivation of employees. The results of the study show that in job insecurity there are multidimensional elements. For example, many employees are not worried about losing their jobs, but what they are worried about is the loss of power they have for the work done or the opportunities offered by the job such as status or promotion.

4. Feel sad about the situation

There are several levels of situations that are felt to be insecure among employees. There are employees who feel insecure but are paid high because their expertise is rarely owned by people (eg computer experts such as antidotes to hackers). Such individuals have high high employment security, but job security is low.

There are also employees who have work contracts but feel insecure about how long the contract can be extended. Impermanance conditions and the existence of such certainty make job insecurity affect employees, especially young ones (Smithson & Lewis, 2000).

5. Feel helpless

The level of threat felt by employees regarding aspects of work such as the possibility of getting a promotion, maintaining the current wage level, or getting a wage increase. Individuals who assess certain aspects of work that are threatened (there are likely aspects of the work to be lost) will be more agitated and feel helpless.

6. The spirit of work decreases

the job is for individuals. How important this aspect of work is for an individual influences the level of insecure or insecurity. The level of threat of the possibility of occurrences of events that negatively affect the overall work of an individual, such as being fired or transferred to another branch office.

8. Feel disappointed

Individuals develop attitudinal and emotional bonds to the organization over time which emerge in the form of high levels of commitment and trust. Negative changes that occur in the aspects of the work and threaten the whole job will make employees redefine their compatibility and ties with the organization. Disappointment at the organization will release employee identification with the organization.

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6 Jobs for You Who Study Forensic Psychology

Even though various cases relating to the criminal justice process often relate to various problems, but as legal issues. In fact, many legal problems require roles. Contributions in the field of forensics actually cover a very broad study area, starting to study the profiles of offender professions, uncovering the neuropsychological, genetic, and developmental processes of perpetrators. Forensic Psychology Professional Job. The following will present the duties of the forensic psychology profession at each stage of the criminal justice process and 11 Work for You Who Study Forensic Psychology.

1. In the police

As explained earlier, the task of the police in criminal justice is to investigate and investigate (Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia, 1982). In certain cases psychologists can be asked for help so that the information obtained is close to the truth. Forensic psychologists can assist police investigations with perpetrators, victims and witnesses.

2. On the offender

Forensic psychologists can assist the police in conducting interrogations (Bartol & Bartol, 1994; Constanzo, 2006; Gudjonsson & Haward, 1998; Putwain & Sammons, 2002), making criminal profiling, detecting lies (Constanzo, 2006). Help forensic psychologists in questioning the perpetrators to admit their mistakes. Usually if the police deal with it, then the technique used is the old model, which uses violence as a threat to the perpetrators who are interrogated, if the perpetrator shows signs of lying then the police will hit or slap the perpetrator, essentially hurting physically in the hope that the perpetrator will say honest.

3. Skill checks data and autopsy

This skill is very necessary to check data, perhaps between the perpetrator and the victim or with other informants. In addition, for cases that are still ambiguous between victims who committed suicide or were killed, forensic psychologists can enter as experts to conduct autopsies. The way to do an autopsy is to assess the source of the evidence, indirectly, such as the record left behind by the deceased, data from a friend or family of the victim.

The purpose of the psychology autopsy is to reconstruct the emotional state, personality, mind and lifestyle of the deceased. Until it can be drawn several hypotheses to help the police in deciding whether the victim is suicidal or killed.

5. At the prosecutor's office

Forensic psychologists can assist prosecutors by providing information related to the psychological condition of the perpetrator and the victim. In cases of domestic violence with the condition of the victim experiencing severe psychological trauma. Information on forensic psychology about the psychological condition of the victim can be used as a basis for prosecuting the perpetrator. Psychologists can also provide training to prosecutors related to the style of asking witnesses, victims and perpetrators. Ancok (1995) suggests that the questioning style of prosecutors will lead to misinformation.

6. Medical examiner (medical examiner)

Usually the fees for this profession are very high. However, being a medical examiner means you have to go through a long period of study, be able to handle mutilated corpses, and undergo irregular working hours.

Although there are routine and boring protocols, sometimes clever criminals who use unusual killing techniques can make you feel challenged in solving cases. To undergo this profession, you must have a medical degree. A bachelor's degree in biology or chemistry can also be a basis. Take forensic concentration.

Especially for odontological forensics, you must have the basis of dental education. Usually, this profession is a part-time consultant.

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6 Facts About The Human Memories According to Psychology

Humans become creatures of the highest degree compared to other living things. Besides having a complete body organ, it is physically said to be perfect. Every organ that normally functions properly. Every organ has a different function, for example the brain.

As the center of memory and other activators the brain becomes a special center of memory. Well, humans certainly have a lot of memories or memories of their lives, both past and present. For this reason, know the facts about human memory according to the following Psychology:

1. Memory Can Change Constantly

Without realizing it, human memory is able to change over time. In this case it can be replaced by the past and present events. If someone is constant in the same event, the memory will tend to keep the memory longer. And far more significant than anything else.

2. Memory Can Shaping Personality People

The facts about human memory according to Psychology are the first human memories that will be related to the character and attitude about yourself. Owned memories can determine how you will behave and respond to things.

3. Memory is the place of memory

There is a term called the Hippocampus, which is an important part of a fact in human memory in the brain. The hippocampus also functions as a storehouse of all the memories a person has experienced during his life. It is in this brain that the task of regulating, storing also reminiscences.

The hippocampus can be found in both hemispheres, if there is damage to the hippocampus, it can block the brain's ability to form new memories, then known as anterograde amnesia. As you age, the hippocampus will lose as much as 20 percent of the human brain.

4. Short-Term Memory Too Short Remembered

Furthermore, facts about human memory according to Psychology, not all events that you have faced can be remembered and stored in the brain as a whole. Experts reveal that the brain can only store about 7 short-term memories in just 20 to 30 seconds. So, if you forget to say what you want to say, or else it is because of limited brain power. Your brain will also choose which ones must be remembered for a long time and which information must be removed.

5. Memory Can Also Be Trained

Memory if you have never been trained certainly can cause a decrease in memory abilities. To prevent this, you need to practice several ways such as memorizing, playing chess, filling in crosswords and so on. This will still maintain healthy brain performance, so memory will continue to increase even though the age is advanced. Memorizing every day also keeps you from dementia and short-term amnesia. In addition, in terms of diet you can also try, fill the nutrition for the brain to be more healthy and sharp.

6. Can Remember Something From Smell

Another fact of memory is its uniqueness in recognizing a memory through the smell of something. Whether it smells good or smells bad, for example when you recognize someone, you must first remember the smell of the perfume. Habits of people who use perfume will be remembered by others. Or when you smell the aroma of coffee, you will definitely want to drink coffee in one of your subscription stores.

This can occur because the olfactory nerve is located so close to the amygdala organ. The amygdala is an area of the brain that is connected with an experience and memory that involves feelings and emotions.

So about the examples of facts about human memory according to Psychology, hopefully the explanation above can increase your knowledge of the privileges of your memory. And better appreciate your current and past memories.

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Examples of Mental Processes in Psychology

Mental processes in psychology include everything related to information, and also stimuli that can be accepted by our senses also with the mind which in this case also can produce output, and also produce a positive response. So if we treat this, it will be related to cognitive psychology. In it there are various factors that we can associate with a mental as well as information.

 A Reed expert, Stephen K said that cognitive psychology in it studies in-depth matters relating to perceptions, attention, and also memory, problem solving, and also a person's way of dealing with a problem and how the decision-making process in it.

 In the psychological process, there is also something that can be defined by attention which is a condition that is usually given in a perceptual information In it there is a key to a mental process that can be distributed in several respects, for example, the effort on the human brain that can receive information on an ongoing basis with only a little information that can get the process of attention in this matter. Some examples of mental processes in psychology.

1. Can make decisions

In the science of psychology, mental processes will indeed be very closely related to one's desire to do something, for example regarding the process of making a decision. In this case, a strong and high mentality is needed so that a good and correct decision can be made.

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2. Motivation

Motivation in the science of developmental psychology will indeed be urgently needed, and in this case also relates to a gift of support to someone who is experiencing a period where he is in a state of deterioration, for example the mental processes in the development of this one are really needed.

3. Positive thinking

Role of positive relationship behavior is indeed very much-needed in this case, so that in the delivery process it must be done very well. Positive thinking also needs to be owned by everyone, so that in this case you can know more about good things to do and things that don't need to be done.

4. Communication

Communication is something that is very important, especially in mental processes, in this case also related to a person's ability to live in his social environment.

 That social psychology in the example of this one mental process will indeed be closely related.

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Influence of Confidence in Career Improvement

Having self-confidence is indeed an important thing in carrying out your work in a company, whether it is a private company or a civil servant. Not everyone has a high and strong level of confidence. Sometimes when your career is tested, therein lies the confidence that must be raised. Tips and ways to overcome insecurity.

An employee will be tested for his ability if he will get a new position or position. If he is confident and confident, whatever the test will be faced with success and success. The following will discuss the influence of confidence in career advancement that you can find out.

1. Self-confidence can improve work motivation

Having high self-confidence can increase one's work motivation. He is able to do all the work well, and is able to resolve all obstacles tough. Work motivation can also anticipate the feeling of boredom that often occurs in an employee with motivation also he is able to have goals in the future and look at opportunities as good opportunities.

2. Confidence Able to Invite Positive Thinking

The influence of confidence in career advancement can lead to positive thinking in doing office work. Whatever challenges are faced, he is sure to be able to face it all. Both in the work environment, boss, subordinates are also jobs.

People who have positive thoughts will be easier and more successful in doing anything, because he only thinks the best for his job. Steps and ways to increase your confidence increase.

Also, Read(How To Increase Self Confidence)

3. Self Confidence Can Establish Good Social Relations

Confidence and confidence can also lead you to a good social relations. Every office must be faced with a variety of people and different types. Not everyone can accept you well.

If your confidence is high, you will be able to face anyone who is confident and establish friendly and friendly social relationships. Now the relationship between emotional intelligence and your self-confidence.

4. Confidence Can Increase Trust of Boss and Employee

You definitely want trust wherever it comes from, both from superiors, subordinates, and fellow office partners. You who are confident positively will find it easier to increase the trust of colleagues around the workplace. Because they will feel comfortable with you, because you have confidence that indirectly affects them.

5. Confident Able to Overcome Job Problems

The impact and influence of confidence in career advancement is then able to provide solutions to every problem of your office. Able to solve problems and find the best solutions, both in facing the environment and office work problems. You will not feel confused or dizzy in dealing with all matters. Your confidence ensures you are able to solve it.

6. Confidence Can Grow Optimism

In addition to the above explanation, self-confidence can also cause optimism in a person. He is able to solve all the work and problems with confidence, not easily give up, and never retreat in attitude. While what is done is beneficial, all that can be done in a timely manner is also successful.

So that he is optimistic that future careers will increase and get the best position. Parenting tips on how to train children to be confident and optimistic.

Thus, self-confidence is important so that the potential in themselves can be developed so that career developments can be improved. Hopefully explanation of the influence of confidence in improving careers is beneficial for you.

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