COGNITIVE ORIENTATION THEORY IN COMMUNICATION PSYCHOLOGY

Communication is a complex process and involves many aspects of thinking and social ability. If the damage to the brain occurs then it will affect one of these capabilities including the ability to communicate successfully. The difficulty in cognitive communication is the term often used for the problem. The frontal lobes section in particular is crucial for the ability of cognitive communication due to its role in brain executive function, flexible thinking ability and social behaviour. Nevertheless, many other parts of the brain interact to showcase other important skills such as the temporal lobes and the parietal lobes.

Psychology that uses cognitive orientation, in theory, will be centered on the process – the central process for example in attitudes, ideas, and expectations used to describe behavior. Cognitive orentation differs from the psychoanalytic orientation that learns the most in-depth processes such as unconsciousness, Id, as well as the behavioristic theories of theory that emphasize the study of behavior in processes that occur outside such as Stimuli and replies. Learning about cognitive theories relates to processes that occur in a person's brain system as well as a person's nervous system that learns that a person will be actively processing information.

Definition of cognitive orientation

Cognitive orientation in communication psychology has a basic concept that learns the concept of communication, thinking and knowledge building. Expressed in the cognitive theory that human behavior is active and described as an environment perceived by the person involved itself, the cognitive drafting that includes the process of learning, thinking, solving problems, forgetting, Psychological changes and cognitive structures. All of these can be influenced by the biological conditions of the individual, the principle of the Organization, and the conditions that produce the original structure, the needs and emotions of one's.

Social cognitive theories used in psychology, education and communication play a role in the acquisition of one's knowledge that can relate directly to observations of others in the context of social interactions, experiences and External media influences. This theory was proposed by Albert Bandura as an extension of the social learning theory. The theory states that when people observe a single example that showcases behaviors and their consequences, they can recall the order of the events and use this information to lead to subsequent behavior.

Because of the influence of the mass media role in the community, understanding the psychological mechanisms through symbolic communication affects human mind. Albert Bandura developed this theory since the 1960s that explains on how and why there is a tendency to emulate what people see through certain media or through others. This is the development of a social learning theory that suggests frameworks for understanding and predicting and altering human behaviour. Cognitive orientation in communication psychology is understood through social cognitive theories that emphasize the human capacity to learn without passing a direct experience.

This theory is therefore also referred to as observational learning theory that depends on several things, including the ability of the subject to understand and remember what it sees, identifying through the mediation of characters or situations that will Affect impersonation of the behavior. Cognitive orientation in communication psychology often uses this theory as a learning theory of media and Mass communication, health communication or interpersonal communication. The goal is to explain how a person regulates his behaviour through control and reinforcement to achieve behavior in order to achieve a goal that can be maintained at all times.

Read More

THE DIFFERENCE ABOUT INTROVERT AND ANTISOCIAL IN PSYCHOLOGY

People who lack an understanding of introvert and antisocial understanding sometimes equate both terms equally. But the fact is not the same, many people who interpret introvert is anti-social. actually, both terms are two different things. Introvert can not be said as antisocial, nor vice versa. To find out what are introvert and antisocial differences, here are examples of the explanations below:

1. Introvert is comfortable with oneself but capable of having good relations with others while the antisocial itself is not able to relate to others in a healthy.

People who have an introvert attitude, he tends to just love to do everything himself, he feels comfortable with a quiet state rather than crowded. However, introverts are able to forge a good relationship to the surrounding people. Unlike antisocial, he chooses to withdraw from the environment. So to interact with others is somewhat difficult. 

2. Introvert is a form of personality but antisocial is a problem in the mental health of one

Next, introvert and antisocial differences are you must be cautious if you have colleagues or relatives with antisocial indications. Because the antisocial people are almost the same as psychopathic people. They like to cheat, influence, hate and reject everything that is good. Because antisocial looked at everything badly in their eyes. Unlike introverts that have closed characters, they tend to rarely hate others.

3. Someone who is antisocial can be a very extroverted and open person while introvert can not be an extrovert

Generally people think that someone who is antisocial prefers themselves and does not like to gather with others. Who they think can be able to become extroverted and open to others as they are. However, generally in certain objectives, often negative objectives. While introvert is different because they can not be an ektrovert figure because it is a personality that can not be changed. 

4. Introvert can relate to people close to him, while antisocial has no sense of empathy towards others

To know introvert and antisocial differences is if introverts have a sense of empathy. They can also forge a relationship with people closest to him and have a sense of caring about the feelings of others. But the antisocial person has no caring taste and is also very selfish, he only cares about himself.

5. One who has an introvert attitude can not be changed but the antisocial person can still be changed

The next Intovert and antisocial difference is if the introvert cannot be changed. It is a positive and unproblematic personality when one has a personality as an introvert. However, people with antisocial souls this is a disease that needs to be healed. So it needs to be changed because otherwise it will affect the worse, because he will hurt other people also himself.

Read More

COGNITIVE ORIENTATION THEORY BY BANDURA

Cognitive orientation in communication psychology in the theory of Bandura has a beginning of various ideas regarding different theories as follows:

• Model of Causation/Model cause – Human adaptation in this theory model is explained through the term ' triadic reciprocal causation ' or ' triadik reciprocity. This Model illustrates the continuous interaction between environmental, behavioral and personal factors.
• Symbolizing ability/Symbolizing Capability-This theory Model describes the human capacity to be free from the learning process in the form of ' trial and error ', where the symbolization allows individual abstract thinking to prescribe an experience that May occur, tested with rational thinking.
• Vicarious Capability – states that one can learn behavior by observing the actions of others and the consequences of that action. Human-owned skills to learn that are derived will impede the learning process while conducting to achieve behavior.
• The ability to think – the behavior of the human being partly has a specific purpose and is therefore governed by the thought that has occurred. Thought will require reflection on the consequences of action, setting goals and planning what actions will be taken. Individuals will realise the concept of thought and outcome and create motivation or even barriers to direct the selection of what action to take.
• Self-regulating ability – the combination of standard personal and community standards is used for self-evaluation and can be changed according to the needs. Self-monitoring will be expected to have an effect on the motivation or inhibitory experienced by a person when he or she is considering a particular action.
• Self-reflection ability – people evaluate their behaviour and adjust according to the consequences that will be experienced and also adhered to the standards from within and outside. This is part of the individual's perception of their competence. Self-reflection emphasized by Bandura can produce the wrong mindset.
• Human Nature – This trait comes from genetic factors that can affect potential behaviour. Therefore human action is a combination of cognitive abilities that have been studied with the psycho-physiological factors that were brought from birth.

Read More

LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Language is the center of all our lives and is regarded as a cultural tool that distinguishes humans from other species. In some ways, language is the behavior that allows the human singularity to arise such as religion and science. We use language to shop for supermarkets, get jobs, buy train tickets, compose emails, make calls, and so on. Language allows us to make friends, even enemies, pass the time of the day, and so forth. In daily life we produce and understand languages with levels that have been deemed appropriate.

No matter whether we are rich or poor, white or black, we need to have at least one language. It may be impossible to even imagine a place or situation in life where it does not use language to serve as an expression and communication tool. Language social and psychological functions are also crucial and become increasingly important. Perhaps even the language function in psychology becomes mixed with the language function in other areas. Some language functions in psychology include:

1. Communication function

The most basic language functions including the language function in psychology as we already know is to express something, attempt to express a change of statement, fear, delight, pain or confusion. In many cases the language also serves as a communication tool with other members of the group especially in hazardous situations. It is likely a response to an automatic instinct function, and is also found in lower organisms as well. At the human level, the role of communication carries a more crucial importance. 

2. Interpretive function

The language function in this psychology is very evident in the human life, when certain expressions serve as a stimulus to others to interpret certain situations. This interpretive function itself serves to restore the cognitive balance. If the stimulus itself creates a condition of uncertainty or new situation, interpretation can explain the situation and restore the balance. Certain interpretations will help put information in a proper position in a person's cognitive world. 

3. Control function

Speaking of control functions, there is a separate social dimension of individual dimensions. Slowly when a relationship is formed between a certain existence and stimulus it will result in a reaction. This is where there is a beginning of control occurring at a simple level, this control function may be accidental and realized but along with a person's growth and the more concentrated the environment, the language control function will be increasingly centered.

4. Remembering and thinking functions

Imagine if we were able to think and remember without using words. It is almost impossible to repeat back or remember, even think without using words and language. Language is what helps us to decode experiences, keep them and remember and resubmit them. Languages also help us translate the experience into thoughts and engage in the process in different types.

5. The discovery function of a person's name

One of the most important stepping stones in the development of a child is the discovery that it has a name and this is the beginning of self-identity, which will lead to the development of feelings like ' me ', ' I ', ' mine ', ' other people ' , ' not me ' and so forth. The discovery of a person's name is a language function in psychology that plays a crucial role in the overall psychological development of the individual. This is the beginning of self identity and effort to see oneself as an object. This is what essentially makes the difference between human and non human organisms, as well as between early childhood and an adult or disturbed adult person. The issue of self-concept formation and self-identity has been tested in greater detail elsewhere, but the important point to remember is that the very critical role is played by the language in self-development and development Psychology as a whole.

Read More

FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY IN LEGAL SYSTEMS

The law is very close and influential enough in human life that aims to direct his life towards better. Blackburn (in Bartol & Bartol, 1994; Kapardis, 1995) divides the role of psychology in law: Psychology in Law, psychology and Law, psychology of law.

• Psychology in law, a practical application of psychology that exists in the field of law, as a psychologist is invited to be an expert witness in the judicial process.
• Psychology and law, which includes the field of psycho-legal research, which is research on individuals related to the law such as judges, prosecutors, lawyers, defendants.
• Psychology of law, is a relationship between the field of law and a more abstract psychology, where the law is a defining behavior. The issues that are studied include how the community affects the law and how the law affects society.

The above view corresponds to the opinion of Mark Constanzo (2006) that the role or contributions of social psychology in the legal system:

• As advisors
• As evaluators
• As a reformer

1. Physical typological approaches in personality

This approach was popularized by Sheldon and Kretchmer. With this approach, Sheldon and Kretchmer consider that there is a relationship between a person's body type physically with the type of personality. Where can be seen personality differences between people who are tall, short, fat, thin and other body shapes.

For example, suppose that someone who is muscular is more likely to commit crimes. As such, a person with a short head shape, red hair, and an unprominent jaw is more pronounced with a thief's physique. This approach might be useful to see the potential for someone committing a crime.

2. A personality Trait theory approach

Unlike the previous theory, the personality trait theory further considers certain personality characteristics that affect a person's action against the law. For example someone who has a brave, dominant, extrovert and high motivation character meets his physical needs tend to potentially commit crimes.

Also Read (6 Jobs For You Who Study Forensic Psychology)

3. Psychoanalysis approach

This approach mentions that criminal acts arise because of a relationship that is not good with the parents so that the perpetrator has emotions that can be transmitted through criminal acts. Generally, crime occurs as a result of the love relationship of the lost mother and child or the lack of attention of the father to the child who caused him to do bad deeds to get attention.

4. Approach to social learning theory

Through this approach, we learn that a person who behaves as a criminal is a result of the learning process from his environment. For example, during her lifetime she saw irregularities in the house, group, school or other environment so she saw her as an example of committing criminal. Thus, in order to deal with this we must keep the law thoroughly in the environment to prevent the emergence of deviations because as little as any such deviations can be expanded if not immediately addressed.

5. Approach to Cognitive theory

With this cognitive approach, researchers are trying to understand the mindset of thinking of a criminal offender. Researchers will try to take samples from the perpetrators, such as those who are manipulating experts, wild and compulsive, or someone who cannot control themselves to commit crimes. From this research, it can be concluded that criminals have internal and consistent logic, but are wrong and irresponsible.

6. Investigation of criminal cases

In resolving a criminal case, it will take a lot of information from victims, witnesses, and suspects. The decision will be based on the information provided by each Party, where the prosecutor or the judge cannot see for themselves the correctness of the information obtained. Thus, the role of witnesses is crucial.

By using the application of social psychology in the legal world, efforts will be made to minimize bias in witness statements. Judging from the side of psychology it is possible for witnesses to forget about the occurrence and not be able to give accurate testimony. Thus, it can be used techniques of hypnosis and cognitive interviews. Usually, this technique is done when the witnesses were first interviewed in the police. 

Read More

7 Step How To Avoid Depression due to Work

On October 10, the whole world celebrated mental health day and the theme of mental health in workplace was raised to provide awareness for everyone if mental health for workers is very important. From the records of the World Health Organization, abbreviated WHO, there are around 300 million people in the world who are depressed and 260 million of them experience excessive anxiety, which disrupts their daily activities. Job demands are one of the main causes of depression, so the consequences of mental disorders until suicide are also increasing for workers in the creative world. If indeed you are experiencing this psychological problem, then several ways to overcome depression because of the following work you can do.

1. Take Holiday

The fatigue that occurs because of work that can later cause severe depressive traits will actually not disappear if you do not completely move away from the routine. For that you should, take the time to do holidays, especially holidays that can offer the beauty of nature and soothing weather like the mountains. With this, the stress generated from work can be released and you can return to work with a fresher mood and mind.

2. Meet the doctor

All types of depression such as those caused by marital failure, failure in relationships, work and various other types of depression can be overcome with anti-depressants and psychotherapy. Maybe, for how to deal with stress and depression it takes several trials to find the most appropriate drug to deal with the symptoms of depression experienced. This method is very well done so that later it can return to work properly. In fact, a study found that someone who consumed anti-depressants for eight weeks would be more productive so that they could work better than those not treated with anti-depressants.

3. Create a Good Work Environment

The condition of the work environment has an important role about the good and bad quality of employee performance results. If the work environment feels quite comfortable and communication between employees goes well, it will certainly provide more optimal job performance. But when the work environment is filled with chaos and is characterized by unfair competition between employees, depression and boredom will reduce work motivation day by day.

Also Read (How To Create a Good Work Environment)

For this reason, you should start good communication between employees in order to build stronger cooperation as a way to deal with severe stress and depression. With better communication, not only will the harmony of the team be maintained but also eliminate the depression experienced when working because each other will share and help to solve all work problems.

4.  Laughs

When you are at a point of saturation and are getting tired of facing work in the office that causes depression and mood disorders in psychology, then you should take a moment to laugh. Although it sounds very trivial, but laughing can actually make the body become more relaxed while reducing the level of stress and depression experienced. In order to be able to laugh, it can also be done easily like seeing a variety of funny videos even if only briefly or chatting with coworkers about things that can be entertaining.

5. Listening to music

Listening to music is one of the best ways to relieve stress and depression because of work. Playing music that you like has been proven to be able to relax your mind and improve your mood to work. Music itself can also affect not only the mind but also the body so that it becomes an easy way to deal with depression due to the work.

6. Apply a Healthy Lifestyle

You can also get rid of depression that is being experienced by implementing a healthy lifestyle. Changing lifestyles that make yourself more difficult is also important to do which is very good for overcoming signs of depression due to work. Also make sure that the life you live is done happily and passionately. Apply a healthy lifestyle in several easy ways such as eating regularly, sleeping regularly and also making sure to interact with other people. Also make sure if the environmental conditions are healthy so that you can feel comfortable, safe and can provide happiness.

7. Create Ergonomic Working Conditions

If the work space is arranged ergonomically, then the body will automatically be free from tension as well as the mind. If your arms are always bent during typing, make sure you are looking for a separate keyboard or you can use the mouse to relieve tension on the wrist and day. Place items that are often used near you to reduce tension just to find something that is needed. Also adjust your seat so that the body position can face straight to the computer screen and not make the neck feel tense because you have to look up or too down.

Read More

7 characteristics of a person have been exposed to job insecurity

The theory of Job Insecurity was first delivered by Greenhalgh and Rosenblatt in 1984. They compiled a theoretical model of the meaning of Job Insecurity, and further examined the factors that caused Job Insecurity and its impact. hey define Job Insecurity as "the powerlessness felt by employees to maintain their work continuity in the midst of a threatened work situation" (Sverke, 2006)

Smithson and Lewis (2000) interpret job insecurity as the psychological condition of a person (employee) who shows a sense of confusion or feels insecure because of perceived impermanance. This condition arises because of the many types of work that are temporary or contract work. The increasing number of jobs with a temporary or non-permanent duration of time causes more employees to experience job insecurity.

Here are  features Someone Affected by Job Insecurity.

1. Feel threatened and nervous

Employees in developed countries also experience increasing insecurity due to instability in their employment status and an increasingly unpredictable level of income. As a result of the various changes that occur within the organization, employees are very likely to feel threatened, anxious, and insecure because of the potential for change to affect the working conditions and the continuation of the relationship and service received from the organization.

2. Insecurity

Insecurity in work can be divided into two categories, namely subjective and objective. Objectives that are insecure are generally associated with clear indicators such as job tenure, to determine the stability of employees in the organization. While subjective security is relatively difficult to observe directly because the indicators used are a threat to the loss of work and the consequences of the loss of the job, as perceived by the employee concerned. (Bryson and Harvey, 2000).

3. Lack of trust

Lack of trust in the organization will affect the morale and motivation of employees. The results of the study show that in job insecurity there are multidimensional elements. For example, many employees are not worried about losing their jobs, but what they are worried about is the loss of power they have for the work done or the opportunities offered by the job such as status or promotion.

4. Feel sad about the situation

There are several levels of situations that are felt to be insecure among employees. There are employees who feel insecure but are paid high because their expertise is rarely owned by people (eg computer experts such as antidotes to hackers). Such individuals have high high employment security, but job security is low.

There are also employees who have work contracts but feel insecure about how long the contract can be extended. Impermanance conditions and the existence of such certainty make job insecurity affect employees, especially young ones (Smithson & Lewis, 2000).

5. Feel helpless

The level of threat felt by employees regarding aspects of work such as the possibility of getting a promotion, maintaining the current wage level, or getting a wage increase. Individuals who assess certain aspects of work that are threatened (there are likely aspects of the work to be lost) will be more agitated and feel helpless.

6. The spirit of work decreases

the job is for individuals. How important this aspect of work is for an individual influences the level of insecure or insecurity. The level of threat of the possibility of occurrences of events that negatively affect the overall work of an individual, such as being fired or transferred to another branch office.

8. Feel disappointed

Individuals develop attitudinal and emotional bonds to the organization over time which emerge in the form of high levels of commitment and trust. Negative changes that occur in the aspects of the work and threaten the whole job will make employees redefine their compatibility and ties with the organization. Disappointment at the organization will release employee identification with the organization.

Read More

6 Jobs for You Who Study Forensic Psychology

Even though various cases relating to the criminal justice process often relate to various problems, but as legal issues. In fact, many legal problems require roles. Contributions in the field of forensics actually cover a very broad study area, starting to study the profiles of offender professions, uncovering the neuropsychological, genetic, and developmental processes of perpetrators. Forensic Psychology Professional Job. The following will present the duties of the forensic psychology profession at each stage of the criminal justice process and 11 Work for You Who Study Forensic Psychology.

1. In the police

As explained earlier, the task of the police in criminal justice is to investigate and investigate (Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia, 1982). In certain cases psychologists can be asked for help so that the information obtained is close to the truth. Forensic psychologists can assist police investigations with perpetrators, victims and witnesses.

2. On the offender

Forensic psychologists can assist the police in conducting interrogations (Bartol & Bartol, 1994; Constanzo, 2006; Gudjonsson & Haward, 1998; Putwain & Sammons, 2002), making criminal profiling, detecting lies (Constanzo, 2006). Help forensic psychologists in questioning the perpetrators to admit their mistakes. Usually if the police deal with it, then the technique used is the old model, which uses violence as a threat to the perpetrators who are interrogated, if the perpetrator shows signs of lying then the police will hit or slap the perpetrator, essentially hurting physically in the hope that the perpetrator will say honest.

3. Skill checks data and autopsy

This skill is very necessary to check data, perhaps between the perpetrator and the victim or with other informants. In addition, for cases that are still ambiguous between victims who committed suicide or were killed, forensic psychologists can enter as experts to conduct autopsies. The way to do an autopsy is to assess the source of the evidence, indirectly, such as the record left behind by the deceased, data from a friend or family of the victim.

The purpose of the psychology autopsy is to reconstruct the emotional state, personality, mind and lifestyle of the deceased. Until it can be drawn several hypotheses to help the police in deciding whether the victim is suicidal or killed.

5. At the prosecutor's office

Forensic psychologists can assist prosecutors by providing information related to the psychological condition of the perpetrator and the victim. In cases of domestic violence with the condition of the victim experiencing severe psychological trauma. Information on forensic psychology about the psychological condition of the victim can be used as a basis for prosecuting the perpetrator. Psychologists can also provide training to prosecutors related to the style of asking witnesses, victims and perpetrators. Ancok (1995) suggests that the questioning style of prosecutors will lead to misinformation.

6. Medical examiner (medical examiner)

Usually the fees for this profession are very high. However, being a medical examiner means you have to go through a long period of study, be able to handle mutilated corpses, and undergo irregular working hours.

Although there are routine and boring protocols, sometimes clever criminals who use unusual killing techniques can make you feel challenged in solving cases. To undergo this profession, you must have a medical degree. A bachelor's degree in biology or chemistry can also be a basis. Take forensic concentration.

Especially for odontological forensics, you must have the basis of dental education. Usually, this profession is a part-time consultant.

Read More

How To Increase Self Confidence

The Importance of Having Confidence. Confidence is a must in each person. Why? If it's not us who believe in ourselves, then who else? In addition, having confidence brings benefits that we rarely expect. First, having confidence makes us able to show who we are. Confidence is not the same as arrogant, but pride can be seen from excessive self-confidence. Having confidence makes it easier for us to interact with many new people in a new environment. Imagine if we were always pessimistic about ourselves, other people would think twice about getting to know and trust ourselves.

The second benefit of having self-confidence is making us as individuals who are not easily affected. Why? Confidence arises from self-confidence, plus if we have firm and realistic thoughts. If the inner foundation is strong, any temptation will not easily affect us. In addition, believing in yourself is proven to make us become optimistic individuals, thinking broadly that we are able to do things like other people do. In the end, we tend to be open to doing new things and not afraid to fail. Even if we fail, we can think that this is a stepping stone to achieving further success.

And How To Increase Self Confidence?

1. Be aware of talent

The first way to increase self-confidence is to realize talent. Everyone has it. Study what your talents are, it could be tucked into the hobby you are living now. One of the mistakes of people, almost everyone, is not recognizing their talents. We know that everyone has weaknesses, but everyone also has advantages. The way of life of each person is different and that is what makes everyone not the same.

The first way to gather confidence is to recognize yourself. What are my strengths and weaknesses? What do i like What did I quickly learn? Such questions will make people able to judge themselves, identify plus and minus values, and develop positive things in themselves.

2. Develop talents that you have realized

Don't feel talented? Then try to focus on developing a hobby that you are now doing! Identifying what is superior or talent is a problem for some people. It's difficult to judge which of the talents or strengths can be optimized. In fact, this can be reflected easily, for example through everyday life.

Watch what you like and you do intensely. Slowly identify and realize everything you do happily even if you have to take up your time or energy. One or two of these things can be your talents or interests. Both are important points that you can develop. For example, you might not mind writing a long story or hobbies reading news and following a case while studying it. This can be an example of talent (writing, or as a detective). Even simple things like this can be a positive thing that must be developed. What for? Of course to foster that confidence.

3. Learn to think positively

There is no advantage of negative thinking. Thinking bad things will only waste time. Thinking negatively or pessimistically does not help the problems we face, instead it worsens. As a result, instead of getting enlightenment or a solution to the problem at hand, we face a phase where we are filled with thoughts of bad fantasies that might happen - but not necessarily, even impossible!

5. No need to compare yourself with other people.

The disadvantage that almost everyone has is comparing themselves with others. Seeing and judging others is certainly a much easier job than having to judge yourself. Unfortunately, these judgments often do not see the whole life course of the other person and often the best part is seen. As a result, we often give very good value to others, but not to ourselves. Everyone has their own way of life.

also read (What Is Psychology??)

Read More

Implementation of Self Control in Behavior Modification

In psychology there is self management, which if we interpret it is a type of model of self-management therapy, in which case it involves itself as well as an agreement contract. Self management or better known as self-management can indeed be linked in a strategy in changing a behavior, which for its own purposes is more directed to the way a person behaves.

We also need to know, everyone certainly has a name for freedom, in this case freedom can actualize oneself that requires a regulation or what is called an impulse in carrying out actions spontaneously.

Self control or self control is indeed a way that can be done in developing and also using individuals and processes in life. In this case there is also the application of psychological effects that lead to the negative side as well as the positive side, as well as self control which is included in a modification of social behavior as well as politics and the existence of work behavior.

All of this can affect self-control towards the emergence of a behavior that can be said to be quite large. For more details, we will explain the following about applying self control in behavior modification.

1. Provide clear goals regarding the direction of the goal

The purpose of self control is indeed a very important thing, where in this case we have to know more and also understand about how to personalize a person. But beforehand we also had to understand far more about someone's self management. The purpose of this is to understand more about things that lead to changes in good behavior, as in the example of behavior change in tradition as a result.

2. Able to deal with various situations

We can see the application of other self control from how much a person is able to deal with various situations he experiences himself. In this case we can see how the person is able to give an explanation of things related to situations that can make it lead to the goal of a calmer situation, or vice versa in the face of something instead seems unable to calm himself. So the kinds of approaches in psychology seem to have an important role in this matter.

3. Provide a sense of trust in himself

In applying self control in behavior modification, the next thing we need to pay attention to is about how the person can give a sense of trust in himself. This method can also be associated with providing self-confidence or a way of therapy that can be forced as a whole or because of pressure from others. This method can also greatly affect results that cause various psychological impacts and can also be more threatening, as can be linked to individual behavior in a social context that is easily found in society.

4. Can provide a stimulus in changing behavior patterns

This action can be called a method or therapy carried out, but with the aim of being able to become a much better person. The influence of self control will also be directly seen by the various changes that occur, starting from the basic mental strength and also the change in attitude that occurs, so that for the psychological aspects of behavior carried out by someone can be associated with his personal life.

5. Can easily overcome frustration and also various emotional outbursts

A person who can reach himself or control his frustration as well as the emotions within him, of course, can be said that he has good self control. This action is also carried out in order to give positive things to himself, so that he can easily deal with various situations that occur within himself. The nature of this behavior modification is also one of the longest applied methods.

6. Able to delay self-satisfaction

The application of self control in other behavioral modifications can be seen from the way a person is in delaying satisfaction for himself. By regulating the behavior that occurs, this method can also be achieved with things that are easy in the community. So that with a person's ability to delay satisfaction for himself it can be said that the person has been able to control himself.

7. Provide a stimulus for changing mindset

Various therapies have indeed been carried out, one self-control can be applied by providing various existing stimulus. The results will not be immediately visible, but by changing the mindset and providing various stimuli, in this case it can be associated with various aspects of psychology in how to behave daily.

8. Have a high initiative for himself

One way to apply the next self control is to look at the way someone is able to make an initiative for himself. This method does look easy, but to start requires a variety of special attention which is indeed not easy, especially in finding various problem solving which really requires initiative from itself, so thinking as effectively as possible is indeed a very appropriate way.

Also Read (CLASSICAL THEORY OF PSYCHOLOGY)

Read More

7 Tips How to Control Emotional Health

One of the importance of maintaining emotional health in oneself is that emotional conditions become more stable. This affects your life and feelings during your daily activities. Emotional maturity will help you be able to carry out activities with a feeling of calm, peace and optimism. The following is the importance of emotional intelligence for women that should be known.

Therefore, the importance of healthy emotions, if the emotional condition is bad then whatever you face will definitely have an effect on bad conditions. For that, know also how to improve emotional health in yourself:

1. Improve Lifestyle

It is impossible for emotions to become unstable if your lifestyle is bad, examples are always staying up late or not using leisure time to rest. You can because you have bad habits, so your energy is reduced by things that are not useful. If this condition routinely occurs, then gradually the impact on emotions becomes unstable. Know the relationship between parenting parents and adolescent emotional development.

2. Pay attention to yourself

Tips to improve other emotional health, namely by paying attention to yourself. By loving yourself makes you become more confident, whatever you do you believe everything will be good. And never blame yourself continuously, by forgetting the past your life will become better and emotions become organized.

3. Positive Thingking

Never consider yourself weak, bad or not useful. It is precisely whatever you have in mind that makes motivation and positive thinking. With this, you can receive whatever results from your activities, life is not always smooth. With experience and also the lessons that you get, make it an opportunity to improve yourself too, continue to be thoughtful. Undoubtedly your life and emotions are much calmer and healthier. Recognize the impact and influence of emotional intelligence on interpersonal communication.

4. Do Hobbies
The next tip to improve emotional health is to do a hobby that you like. Thus your life will be more challenging and joyful. Being able to meet many new friends, a new atmosphere also spends time with a favorite hobby. Hobbies can make your emotions much calmer and can be channeled.

5. Thankful

With the pleasure you have now, you should be far more grateful. A great gift will enjoy life, health and so on is something that can make your soul more calm. Grateful for the achievements that have been obtained every day is an exercise for emotional health. You can do interesting things or think about ideas before going to bed. Think of interesting and big things so that tomorrow you will feel happier.

6. Take a rest

Tips to improve other emotional health is to get enough rest. In a way that isn't enough is a way to treat your emotional and physical health. Sleep rest needs between 6 to 8 hours each day. So that with enough rest your emotions are far more stable and also more relaxed and refreshed.

7. Be nice

Be who you are, don't do things you don't like. The more you get caught up in evil, the more your emotions flare up. Therefore, make interesting things that you want to do that can certainly make yourself proud, and good for those around you. Some relationships are emotional intelligence with self control.

Well, so are some examples of exposure to tips on improving emotional health. Know the right way to make your life a lot better. Good luck.

Read More

Functional Approach in Psychology

The functional approach included in the kinds of special psychology is the approach taken by a teacher to students by using the value of a science, especially language for the benefit of the life of their students. This approach is also a method used to get the results of the functional approach itself which is an approach that tends to teach or learn languages ​​based on language functions.

A functional approach can also be interpreted as an effort to provide learning material that emphasizes the aspects of benefits for students in their daily lives in accordance with their development. The material that children learn in school is not only to train the brain, but also expected to be useful for the lives of children both for individual life and social life. The functional approach in psychology means that children can use knowledge obtained from the educational environment and practiced in their daily lives. Then, what are the functional approaches in psychology ?,  along with the explanation for you.

1. Individual Approach

In some cases that occur in teaching and learning activities can be overcome by using an individual approach such as the example of stopping students who like to talk and the kinds of behavior in psychology. The way to do this is to move or separate one of the students to another place which is separated from a fairly far distance. Talking students are placed in a more quiet group of students. Problems with students' learning difficulties will be more easily solved by this individual approach even though group approaches are also likely to be needed. That way, an individual approach is an approach taken by educators to see students' differences in their individual aspects.

2. Group Approach

As explained in the first point, the group approach is sometimes needed and used to foster and develop students' social attitudes which are also included in effective learning methods according to psychology. The thing to realize is that students are gay socious creatures, namely creatures that are more likely to live together. By using a group approach, it is expected that a high social sense can develop in each student. They will be nurtured so that they can control the selfish attitudes that exist within themselves so that they can form a loyal attitude of social friends in the class. In addition, later students can also live interdependently because no living creature can continue to live alone without involving other creatures either directly or indirectly and consciously or unconsciously.

3. Variation Approach

Generally, the problems that occur in students do vary and the most appropriate approach to use is a variety approach compared to other types of learning styles. For example, students who are not disciplined with students who like to talk will be different for how to solve or solve them and demand approaches that are also different. The variation approach is inversely proportional to the concept if the problems faced by each student when learning also vary. Cases that usually occur in teaching are many motives, so variations in solving techniques are also needed for each case. For this reason, this variation approach is a tool that can be used by teachers for learning purposes. If concluded, the variation approach is the approach taken by the teacher to solve the problems of diverse students using problem-solving techniques that also vary.

4. Educational Approach

The educational approach is the most appropriate approach for educators to use as well as ways to find out the talents of children from an early age. Every action, attitude and action carried out by educators must have educational value. It aims to educate students to respect moral norms, legal norms, religious norms and social norms. The aim of this approach is to foster the character of students with noble moral education. This means that the educational approach is an approach used by the teacher who is worth educating with legal norms, moral norms, religious norms and also social norms. For example, when the bell rings to eat, do not let the children enter directly but first line up at the door. The class leader will then be given orders to arrange the ranks while the other students will march while the educators also control the students.

Next on Functional Approach in Psychology (Part 2)

Read More

Functional Approach in Psychology (Part 2)

Continue from the previous article Functional Approach in Psychology there is the next function approach in psychology:

5. Experience Approach

Experience can be said to be a soulless teacher but always sought after by everyone who is also very important for the development of memory in children. Learning from experience will be better than just talking and never doing it at all. Learning becomes a reality that is shown in physical activity. Although experience is needed and sought during life, but in reality, not all experiences are educational. An experience can be said not to educate if educators do not bring children towards educational goals. Characteristic features of educational experience are centered on a goal that has meaning for children, is interactive with the environment while being able to increase children's integration. Given the very high value of experience, it is necessary to realize that this is very important for the development of the child's soul so that experience can be used as a method of approach in psychology and the characteristics of special intelligent children can be seen. It can be said if the experience approach is the approach taken by educators by giving examples of some experiences in students to instill the value of education. For example, Islamic education will be carried out with a religious approach, namely students who are given the opportunity to gain religious experience either individually or in groups. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims are required to perform fasting.

6. Habitual Approach

Habit for students is also very important because with habituation, it eventually becomes an activity that will be owned by the child at the same time to overcome the causes of mental weakness in children. Good habits will shape human beings with good personalities and vice versa. Unlike adults, children think more abstractly and they can only think concretely. Small children who do not have strong memory can quickly forget everything that has happened. Their attention is also easier to divert to new things that are preferred. Children do not have an obligation but already have the right as one of them provides education which is a way of giving good habits to their lives. With this habituation, it will also affect the school environment and the community. For this reason, the teaching method that must be considered is a method of training or drill, execution of tasks, demonstrations and also direct experience in the field.

7. Rational Approach

An important effort for educators is to give a role to reason or ratio when understanding and accepting the truth of religious teachings, including also to understand the wisdom and function of the teachings of religious psychology. Because reason or ratio is finally used as a rational approach to the interests of education and also teaching in schools. To support the use of this approach, the teaching method must be adjusted to the age level. For example, about proving something related to religious issues must be adjusted to the level of thinking of the child. Proof of error can later be fatal to the soul of the child so that the most important effort for the teacher is to give a role to reason or ratio to understand and accept the truth of religious teachings, including also understanding the wisdom and function of religious teachings.

8. Emotional Approach

Emotions in psychology are psychiatric symptoms that are in a person that are related to feelings. Someone who has feelings can certainly feel something both physical feeling or spiritual feeling. In addition, there are also intellectual feelings, aesthetic, social, ethical feelings and feelings of self-esteem. Feelings are a function of the soul in order to be able to consider and measure things according to pleasure or unhappiness, have the nature of being happy and sad, strong and weak, long and brief, relative and not standing alone as a statement of the soul. This emotional approach aims to attempt to arouse feelings and also the type of emotions students believe in, understand and appreciate their religious teachings. To achieve the goal of this emotional approach, the methods that must be considered are the lecture method, story telling and sociodrama. For this reason, the emotional approach taken by educators to students is done through verbal stimuli such as stories, lectures, innuendo, ridicule, dialogue, news, orders, recommendations and so forth. While non-verbal stimulation is a form of behavior in the form of attitudes and actions.

9. Functional Approach

Science is a science that can shape a child's personality such as overcoming depression in children. Children will be able to feel the benefits of the knowledge that has been obtained at school. Children will later utilize the use value of a science for the sake of life. With this, the value of science is functional in the child. For example, religious studies given in class, will be implemented in the daily lives of students and also students can feel the knowledge that has been obtained at school.

10. Religious Approach

General subjects are very interested in the religious approach. The concept of personality in the psychology of religion aims to ensure that cultural values ​​of science are not secular, but that they are integrated with religious values. With the application of teaching principles such as the principle of correlation and socialization, educators can insert religious message messages for all general subjects. Educators must also master the teachings of religious teachings that are in accordance with the subjects held. For example, biology lessons that cannot be separated from the letter Yasin verses 37-40 are theorems of real propositions for supporters of religious approaches in physics.

Read More

Definition of Family Psychology and the Effects

Family psychology is the definition of interaction or social patterns in the family. The family consists of several individuals who come from two generations, three generations, or even more. The number of individuals in this family will affect the quality of interaction between individuals and have an impact on the individual and group psychology.


ALSO READ(Family Influence on Children Moral Behavior)

Differences in generations in a family may also trigger a situation that is sometimes good sometimes bad. This is what raises family psychology and states that psychology in the family also needs to be studied and known so as not to occur negative thoughts or behaviors in a family related to each individual.

Family psychology perspective is a view of how this family psychology is applied or the influence that is given to families and individuals in it. Some of the following are interesting about family psychology:

1. Family psychology is a science that combines psychology with the knowledge of the family.

2. This science is united with different definitions. Psychology sees a person in terms of psychological and behavior and family is an object that can be influenced psychologically.

3. Family psychology is known as a form of psychological intervention targeting the family, in the form of family therapy.

4. One of the family therapies is family togetherness as a therapy for encouragement, recreational therapy and so on.

5. Family is a place where individuals first get education, interaction experiences, and others.

6. Family is the basis of the formation of certain characteristics of an individual.

7. Families can influence individuals strongly.

8. Family is a system that is very strong and always plays a role in every individual growth and development. This can control the formation of individuals and their characteristics or personality.

9. Understanding that family is a system where each individual is involved.

10. Families need a perspective as a system. Every family has their own goals. The way of thinking of this system which will then take into account each individual in it but still towards the one main goal.

11. Genogram as a basis for understanding and building perceptions of other family members, each of whom has a different status such as grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, brother, sister.

The family system can change if one individual changes

Individuals in the family are a reflection of the family. Although not all individual behavior is what is taught in the rules set in the family, the presence of positive or negative attitudes from individuals will affect the whole family. For example, if there is a good family, and one of his children is caught in a drug case. Families who are usually very friendly, like to socialize, then can immediately turn into a closed, not often meet people, often absent at work, and others.

Many family therapies with interesting methods.

Psychological therapy can be applied to many families that affect individuals or for the whole. Psychology therapy in this family can provide a broader perspective, thoughts and hearts that are more patient and open. Examples of psychological therapies that can be applied are conflict management therapy, why stress management, and others. Each therapy has a purpose and method that is different and interesting.

Family therapy can be applied by each individual himself.

Psychological therapy in the family can be applied by individuals and also someone who needs help from others. Most therapies have easy methods and can be applied widely not only in the family but also in the community.

Psychological approach prevents psychological disorders in the family.

Psychology which is a psychology is of course concerned about one's psychological perception. Even within the family, awareness of this is also needed. Don't let the rules that are made burden one individual and trigger permanent stress.

Also Read(Classical Theory of Psychology)

For example, a teenager is required to always get a class champion, while it is against the wishes of individuals who want to play or contrary to environmental conditions such as many friends who are also smart. Such demands can trigger stress pressure which gradually slows down and arises chronic psychological disorders. If this happens, the approach taken may be more difficult and requires the help of medical personnel and psychologists.

Read More

HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY : Effect of Technology on Human Behavior

technology and humanity

Technology has a quite important role in life and also human behavior, where technology is interpreted as the application of a science that can be linked in terms of communication, so technology does have a connection between community life and its relationship with others.

Technology does have a very important role for human life, where its influence can also affect human behavior. We have seen dependence on technology very often from various examples of everyday life, one of which is dependence on the internet and also computers. The influence of gadgets on children's psychology has a variety of adverse effects and also makes human behavior not good.


Technology can also be likened to a process, where in that case it is necessary to do various processes and also significant components. For example rigers (1986) which defines that communication technology is a hard tool, organizational structure and social values ​​used to collect, process and also exchange information with others. Like the use of Information Systems in psychology which is also still related to technology. For more details in this article we will discuss various technological influences on human behavior.

Also Read (CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY OF PSYCHOLOGY)

1. The emergence of a culture of plagiarism

Indirectly the technology will indeed make us find various sources or things very easily through the internet. Where this will further simplify and lead to a culture of plagiarism. Of course this is not good for the progress of the nation's children who can easily do plagiarism very easily, and that certainly will bring great results too.

2. The emergence of adult content easily

Before the advent of easy access to technology such as the internet, it was not so easy to access various adult content. It is clearly different from now, where we will be much easier to access various content and it will certainly be very dangerous for the mentality of the nation's children, which will affect people's behavior patterns in a bad direction.

3. Ease of fraud through the internet

The internet can trigger many scams that can be done through cyberspace. The influence of this technology will certainly have an adverse effect on the behavior patterns of the surrounding community. Where with technology can actually make it easier for fraudsters to carry out their actions online. Which of course will be very detrimental to the community later in the future.

4. Technology can make a community positive

The influence of technology on human behavior not only has a negative impact, but it can also have a positive impact, one of which can make a community or group that leads to a positive direction. For example, the buying and selling community on Facebook can certainly be used as a very good internet marketing container. Besides that, it can also gather various communities that share the same hobby, where besides being able to establish friendship and also can make a distinct advantage for fans or hobby owners alike.

5. Impacts on waste

The presence of internet technology can certainly make someone who was not consumptive to be much more consumptive, where the convenience of online shopping now does make everyone easy with the presence of online stores. Shopping can also be done very easily because of the presence of the internet, but this will actually lead to more wasteful nature and also a consumptive lifestyle for someone.

6. Doing work easier

Technology can also bring other positive impacts, one of which is the presence of this technology, our work will feel much easier and helped. Technology can also make the life of a nation more developed and not outdated and the presence of technology will greatly help the work of others.

7. Reducing human resources

The presence of technology can make human resources much less. Where sophisticated tools can now be easily created and made, moreover they can replace human work as well, so that they can lead to unemployment, of course this will have a very negative impact on one's life.

Read (How Psychology Came to Be What It Is Today)

8. Ease of making transactions

The presence of technology can certainly greatly facilitate us to conduct transactions in business. Where in making payments we do not need to come directly to the place of payment, and only by making transactions that rely on current technology can all payment processes be easily carried out. This of course can also have a positive impact on business progress.

9. Reducing social character


The influence of technology on other human behavior is that it can bring change to others, especially with the internet, someone is even more cool with his world, compared to the social life or real life that is in front of him. This certainly will have an impact on his social life in his environment, especially in family psychology and also the social psychological life around him.

Also Read

(INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING THEORY OF PSYCHOLOGY)

Read More