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| Plato (428-347BC) |
PLATO
Plato (428-347 BC) asks the question of how an individual learns a new thing for that individual? Maybe this is a simple question but consider the human brain as a computer. So, the question above will change to how can a computer receive factual information without previous program ?
Plato then gave an answer to his own question. He made a statement that knowledge already existed at birth and all information that was learned by someone was merely a re-concentration of something previously learned. This theory was then called the Platonic epistemology. This answer will be further justified by paradox.
In this case, when someone knows something then he does not need to question it, whereas if someone does not know something then he will not question at all. So, according to Plato, if someone doesn't know something, they won't be able to learn it. Plato describes learning as a passive process in which information and knowledge are integrated into the soul through the process of time.
But Plato's theory raises more questions about knowledge. One of the most important questions is, if humans can only learn something that we already know in the soul, then how does the human soul get that knowledge at first? Plato's theory seems rather convoluted but is still a theory used to help explain knowledge until now.
JOHN LOCKE
John Locke (1632-1704) offered answers to questions raised by Plato above. According to John Locke, humans are born into the world like a piece of pure white paper, that is, when they are born, humans have no knowledge. However, John Locke believed that there was something that humans had during their birth, namely mental strength.
In John Locke's view, this mental strength is a biological ability that has existed since humans were born as babies, such as how a baby knows about his body's biological functions when he was born. After the baby is born, he will get various experiences from the surrounding environment and then the whole experience is "written" on the "sheet" of the baby. The whole experience will eventually lead to abstract and complex ideas. This theory is still a theory that is often used to understand the current learning process.
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