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| Neal E. Miller |
This learning theory was initially brought about by Neil E. Miller and John Dollard in 1941. According to Miller and Dollar, individuals often learn social behavior by observing the behavior of others and the consequences of their behavior. Albert Bandura then expanded on Miller & Dollard's work, giving a statement that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through direct observation or instruction, even without actions that are imitated or produced motorically or directly reinforced.
Albert Bandura believes that association and direct reinforcement cannot explain all learning processes. Albert Bandura's famous writing in his book is a statement that reveals that the learning process will be very tiring and also very dangerous, if one has to rely on the effects of their own actions to tell them what to do. The quote was written in Albert Bandura's book entitled Social Learning Theory published in 1977.
Instead, he proposed that much of the learning takes place through observation and observation. Children observe the actions of people in their immediate environment, especially caregivers and older siblings, and then imitate this behavior.
In his famous experiment, Bobo Dolls, Bandura revealed how easily children can be directed at imitating even negative actions. In this experiment, children who watched adult videos beat big inflatable dolls then became much more likely to imitate the same actions when they were given the opportunity.
Perhaps the most important is a statement from Bandura that the process of learning something does not always result in changes in behavior. Children often learn new things through observation, but may not behave like what they see until the need or motivation to use the information.
In addition to observing behavior, learning also occurs through observation of the rewards and penalties received. This is a process known as represented reinforcement. When certain behaviors are rewarded or rewarded on a regular basis, then the behavior has a great possibility to be maintained and if certain behaviors continue to be punished, then most likely the behavior will be abandoned.
This theory extends traditional theories of behavior, which reveal that behavior is governed only by reinforcement, placing emphasis on the important role of various internal processes of individuals who are in the learning process.
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